Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2024 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
This study proposes a novel approach to enhance the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for the selection of suitable sites for solar photovoltaic (PV) farms. This approach is particularly beneficial when it is possible to establish a predefined objective relation in the final weights of the AHP method. The methodology focuses on achieving this predefined relation introducing a systematic revision of the constants of related constraints. In this study, the costs of constructing a unit transmission line and road in the Kayseri Province are objectively related, and the initial constant matrix of the AHP method is iteratively revised until the relation of the final weights converges to the predefined one. The suitability of solar PV farm locations is classified into five classes, revealing approximately 28% (40-100% of suitability) of the province as favorably suitable and designating about 67% as restricted zones. The findings reveal notable distinctions between the revised weights and those derived from the conventional AHP method. The disparity in weights for various constraints varies from 13.5% to 7.2%. Consequently, the alterations in the area of suitability regions range from 3.4% to 50%. The revision of AHP weights results in a reduction in higher-suitability areas, coupled with a significant expansion in the region exhibiting lower suitability. Notably, the extent of change in the suitability map increases when the difference in ratios between two criteria obtained from the AHP and the predefined objective relation is high. The proposed method demonstrates its applicability in regions like Kayseri where an objective relation between criteria can be established. Given the inherent subjectivity of the AHP method, the proposed procedure becomes essential to attain more objective weights. Since the methodology objectively adjusts weights based on known ratios, it increases the accuracy and reliability of site selection studies....
We report chemically tunable n‑type titanium oxides using ethanolamine as a nitrogen dopant source. As the amount of ethanolamine added to the titanium oxide precursor during synthesis increases, the Fermi level of the resulting titanium oxides (ethanolamine‑incorporated titanium oxides) significantly changes from −4.9 eV to −4.3 eV, and their free charge carrier densities are enhanced by two orders of magnitudes, reaching up to 5 × 1018 cm−3. Unexpectedly, a basic ethanolamine reinforces not only the n‑type properties of titanium oxides, but also their basicity, which facilitates acid–base ionic junctions in contact with acidic materials. The enhanced charge carrier density and basicity of the chemically tuned titanium oxides enable multi‑junction solar cells to have interconnecting junctions consisting of basic n‑type titanium oxides and acidic p‑type PEDOT: PSS to gain high open‑circuit voltages of 1.44 V and 2.25 V from tandem and triple architectures, respectively....
Perovskite materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to their high performance, especially in the field of photovoltaics. However, the dark side of these materials is their poor stability, which poses a huge challenge to their practical applications. Double perovskite compounds, on the other hand, can show more stability as a result of their specific structure. One of the key properties of both perovskite and double perovskite is their tunable band gap, which can be determined using different techniques. Density functional theory (DFT), for instance, offers the potential to intelligently direct experimental investigation activities and predict various properties, including band gap. In reality, however, it is still difficult to anticipate the energy band gap from first principles, and accurate results often require more expensive methods such as hybrid functional or GW methods. In this paper, we present our development of high-throughput supervised ensemble learning-based methods: random forest, XGBoost, and Light GBM using a database of 1306 double perovskites materials to predict the energy band gap. Based on elemental properties, characteristics have been vectorized from chemical compositions. Our findings demonstrate the efficiency of ensemble learning methods and imply that scientists would benefit from recently employed methods in materials informatics....
Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels suffer from efficiency losses due to the accumulation of dust on their surface during operation, as well as the loss of transparency in the top glass. The efficiency can be increased when hydrophobic films are deposited on the top glass of the solar cells. The top glass of solar cells must have three characteristics: high transmiance in the 380–750 nm range, a band gap greater than 3.2 eV and a refractive index higher than 1.23. So, the films require the same characteristics. This work presents an increase in the contact angle (related to an increase in the hydrophobic character) when Ta2O5 is partially substituted with ZnO. The studied films, physically deposited on glass by e-gun technology, present a non-crystalline state in the form of the X-ray paerns shown. The films have a transmission of 75%–80% in the visible range. The morphology and roughness of the coatings were evaluated by atomic force microscopy. All films show the values of the Millipore water contact angle higher than 91 degrees, leading to the acquisition of hydrophobic properties on the surface. In comparison, the substrate is hydrophilic, with an average contact angle of 53.81 ± 2.16. The hydrophobic properties and self-cleaning ability make the films recommendable for application. The band gap of the coatings was calculated with the Tauc method, and they have values of 4.5–4.6 eV....
Photocathodic protection (PCP) technology has gained wide attention in the field of corrosion due to its green, environmentally friendly, and sustainable characteristics, and has become a protection technology with broad development prospects in the future marine environment. By investigating recent research results, the mainstream photoanode materials are TiO2, BiVO4, g-C3N4, ZnO, In2O3, SrTiO3 and other materials. Among them, TiO2 is an ideal photoanode material for PCP because of its efficient photochemical corrosion resistance, remarkable reaction stability, and excellent photoelectric properties. However, TiO2 itself has more drawbacks, such as limited utilization of visible light and low photogenerated electron-hole separation efficiency. These defects limit the wide application of TiO2 in PCP. Through modification methods, the reaction efficiency can be substantially improved and the availability of TiO2 can be increased. This paper lists the research progress of modifying TiO2 materials using metal and non-metal doping modification, semiconductor compounding technology, and energy storage materials for application in PCP, and introduces several new types of photoanode materials. This paper suggests new ideas for the design of more efficient photoanodes....
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